O Level English Essay Samples - What Is It?

O Level English Essay Samples - What Is It? The New Fuss About O Level English Essay Samples It is advised to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at economical prices. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Normally, students have a tendency to summarise in an extremely linear fashion. College students and wish to consider our friends at bottom. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Following are different kinds of essay topics in english for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic depending on your need and requirement. Students will have to compose responses to literature in addition to annotation, freewriting, and some sort of response journal. 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Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions Essay

Read and Download Ebook Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF at Online Ebook Library CORPORATE FINANCE 9TH EDITION MINI CASE SOLUTIONS PDF Download: CORPORATE FINANCE 9TH EDITION MINI CASE SOLUTIONS PDF Are you seeking Ebook CORPORATE FINANCE 9TH EDITION MINI CASE SOLUTIONS PDF?. Acquiring Ebook Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF is easy as well as easy. Mostly you have to spend much time to browse on search engine and also does not get Ebook Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF files that you require. We are right here to serve you, so you can quickly gain access to, read and download its. No have to losing time to lookup on one more location to get Ebook Corporate Finance 9th Edition†¦show more content†¦Get many Ebook subject available in our online library related with Ebook Corporate Finance 10th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF.... File : http://ebookonlinelibrary.com/pdf/corporate-finance-10th-edition-mini-case-solutions.pdf Status : Available PDF File: Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions 2 Read and Download Ebook Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF at Online Ebook Library [PDF] FUNDAMENTALS OF CORPORATE FINANCE 9TH EDITION MINI CASE SOLUTIONS Read online and download Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions. Get many Ebook subject available in our online library related with Ebook Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance 9th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF.... File : http://ebookonlinelibrary.com/pdf/fundamentals-of-corporate-finance-9th-edition-mini-case-solutions.pdf Status : Available [PDF] FUNDAMENTALS OF CORPORATE FINANCE 10TH EDITION MINI CASE SOLUTIONS Read online and download Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance 10th Edition Mini Case Solutions. Get many Ebook subject available in our online library related with Ebook Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance 10th Edition Mini Case Solutions PDF.... File : http://ebookonlinelibrary.com/pdf/fundamentals-of-corporate-finance-10th-edition-mini-case-solutions.pd f Status : Available [PDF] CORPORATEShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pagesneed any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesInstructor’s Manual Exploring Strategy Ninth edition Gerry Johnson Richard Whittington Kevan Scholes Steve Pyle For further instructor material please visit: www.pearsoned.co.uk/mystrategylab ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated CompaniesRead MoreIca Gh Syslabus26672 Words   |  107 PagesManagement Information Systems PART 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Quantitative Tools in Business Audit and Internal Review Business and Corporate Law Principles and Practice of Taxation PART 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Financial Reporting Public Sector Accounting Cost and Management Accounting Financial Management PART 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Advanced Financial Reporting Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics Corporate Strategy and Governance Advanced Tax Planning and Fiscal Policy Review of Qualifying Examinations Syllabus May 2010Read MoreBank Management System12681 Words   |  51 Pagesthe Framework Chosen 20 3.3.3 Use of DSDM 21 3.3.4 Object Oriented Analysis and Design 23 3.4 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES 24 3.4.1 Interviews 24 3.4.2 Document Review 24 3.4.3 Observation 24 3.5 FUNCTIONAL MODEL ITERATION (DATA ANALYSIS) 24 3.5.1 Use case diagrams 25 3.5.2 Entity Relationship Diagram 30 3.5.3 Conceptual class diagram 31 3.5.4 Sequence Diagrams 32 CHAPTER 4-IMPLEMENTATION 34 4.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 34 4.2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 34 4.3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 34 4.4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTSRead MoreInstructor Manual37126 Words   |  149 PagesINSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL to accompany Operations and Supply Management – The Core Second Edition Prepared by F. Robert Jacobs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to all of my colleagues who have contributed to this manual. Very few of the ideas contained in here are totally original. Thanks much to all of you for spending so much time discussing how you do things in class and allowing me to share your ideas in this manual. F. Robert Jacobs i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction VideosRead MoreDebonairs Pizza Product-Market Expansion Growth Strategies27204 Words   |  109 PagesMANCOSA MISSION OUR VISION MBA PROGRAMME STRUCTURE 5.1 Overall Programme Objectives 5.2 Programme focus 5.3 Module description and rationale PROGRAMME ADMINISTRATION 6.1 Programme Management 6.2 Programme registration 6.3 Registry and despatch 6.4 Finance 6.4.1 Fee payment 6.4.2 Payment of fees and other dues 6.4.3 Re-enrolment 6.4.4 Payment plans 6.4.5 Additional fees/charges 6.4.6 Deferrals 6.4.7 Miscellaneous costs 6.4.8 Cancellation of registration/fee liability 6.4.9 Registration of specific/incompleteRead Morecase study: the Home Depot19454 Words   |  78 PagesCase Study: The Home Depot Preface This Essentials of Strategic Management assignment has been made by three persons which have been working together and individually to finish the assignment properly and in time. Secondly, we would like to thank the company whose websites we were able to visit and use, to get additional information that we could use for leading the assignment of Home Depot to a successful ending. We can say, that it was a pleasure to work on this assignment and would, in theRead MoreChapter 14 Operational Performance Measurement: Sales and Direct-Cost Variances, and the Role of Nonfinancial Performance Measures26317 Words   |  106 PagesChapter 14 Operational Performance Measurement: Sales and Direct-Cost Variances, and the Role of Nonfinancial Performance Measures Case 14-1: Pet Groom and Clean Company Readings 14-1: â€Å"Standard Costing Is Alive and Well at Parker Brass† by D. Johnsen and P. Sopariwala, Management Accounting Quarterly (Winter 2000), pp. 12-20. The Brass Products Division of the Parker Hannifin Corporation is a world-class manufacturer of tube and brass fittings, valves, hose, and hose fittingsRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfor their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAMRead MoreMarketing Plan - Cold Stone16618 Words   |  67 Pageslooking to have an â€Å"experience†. personalized experience.5 This trend is called â€Å"The Starbucks effect,† and causes consumers to pay more to get a 3 â€Å"Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts in the U.S.: Markets and Opportunities in Retail and Foodservice, 6th Edition† MarketResearch.com September 8, 2010 4 â€Å"Market Size and Forecast† Ice Cream shops US 2009 Mintel report September 8, 2010 5 â€Å"New Product Trends† Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts. Marketresearch.com 2010 7 Being health conscious continues to

Implementation Of An Information Security Project

IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION SECURITY Implementation of an information security project takes more time, effort and communication in security systems development life cycle (SecSDLC). In this phase, an information security blueprint is executed and accomplished by changing the configuration and operations of the organization. The change in procedures, people, hardware, software and data can provide more security. During implementation phase, the blueprint turns into project plan. The project plan implements the security controls and establish a setting to achieve those controls with desired outcomes. To develop the project plan, the management must communicate to the information security vision and objectives with the communities of interest involved to execute the project plan. The security visions states the goals of the information security and its objectives to built the project plan by guiding the changes, which are useful for the implementation phase. The execution of project plan depends on planning the project, supervising tasks and action steps and wrapping steps. To develop the project plan, each organization has follows its own methodologies and project management practices. Implementation of project plan needs the creation of detailed project plan. Each task is assigned to either the project manager or the project champion. The project plan uses work breakdown structure (WBS) tool to develop. In this approach, the project plan is divided into major tasks along withShow MoreRelatedImplementing An Exclusive Audit On Bank Solutions Operations And Process Protocols Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pages Project 5: Implementation of the Project Arlecia Johnson November 30, 2016 INTRODUCTION. Purpose of plan. Having done an exclusive audit on Bank Solutions’ operations and process protocols, several security loopholes were realized and inevitably are great threat-posing factors to the institution. Responsively, new technology and security measure have to be implemented in order to fill the gaps and heighten security standards in order to enhance customer privacy, information protectionRead MoreThe System Development Life Cycle1357 Words   |  6 Pagesto the IIS and its data. In addition, the security policy should include appropriate procedures to ensure local site data and software are properly managed. The IIS applications such as general reader, general user, and site manager need to be created to support the objectives of the policies (Arzt, 2007). In addition, this proposal will apply the System development Life Cycle (SDLC) in developing information security policy. A. Process: This project will attempt to address privacy and confidentialityRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle666 Words   |  3 PagesCase Deliverable Preliminary investigation report Toolkit Support Primary tools: Communications, financial analysis, and project management tool Other tool as required. Systems Planning is the first of five stage in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). In this stage, you will learn how IT projects get started and how a system analyst evaluates a proposed project and determine its feasibility. A system analyst’s first task is to review an IT request to determine whether it presentsRead MoreImplementing A C # Based Signal Protocol Library1531 Words   |  7 Pagesabstract The Project was a successful attempt in creating and implementing a C# based Signal Protocol library. The encompassed the C# implemented portable class library and the corresponding android based application. The whole implementation can be found on https://github.com/AshleyCheny/Information-Security-ProjectYCandGAP Security Service Pvt. Ltd. s GitHub link The project was precisely split into two tasks based on our goals. The first task of creating the library was undertaken by me andRead MoreSecurity Systems Development Life Cycle828 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity Systems Development Life Cycle The security systems development life cycle (SecSDLC) uses the same phases as the systems development life cycle. Although the two processes are different due to what each is used for and the activities associated with them, Michael Whitman and Herbert Mattord claim â€Å"the overall methodology is the same.† (2012, pg. 26). Since a business, company, or an organization with a network must consider the many technologies and methodologies available today, for anRead MoreRecommendation to Mitigate the Lac of InfoSec Policy964 Words   |  4 Pagessuggest that we use the Gartner Information Security Governance Model to assess the security problem of Inventure Foods, Inc. The Gartner Information Security Governance Model is most suitable for Inventure Foods type of business. It protects the information resources appropriately and efficiently given the company’s limited resources and overstretched personnel. The most important reason why we choose the Gartner Model is that it provides the blueprint for a complete security program and tells managementRead MoreChallenges And Solutions For A Successful Ehr Implementation Project1430 Words   |  6 PagesSolutions for a Successful EHR Implementation Project Abstract Despite of the benefits of electronic health records in medical practices, some healthcare providers are reluctant to implement of this project due to many barriers and limitations such as usability, technical ability, cost constraints, standardization limitations, and resistance of change. The main barriers to adoption of EHR systems for healthcare providers and strategies of the successful implementation project have been identified fromRead MoreInformation Assurance : Most Important Aspects And Considerations Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pages Information assurance: Most important aspects and considerations By Andrew Irechukwu, Jakiha Johnson, Akil Kelly, Megan Gilliam COSC 432 Professor Lamma References: Principles of Information Security, Fifth Edition December 12, 2016 Technology has grown tremendously over the past few decades. Everyday businesses, governments, and everyday people rely on technology for things from banking to communicating with loved ones and business associates. Disrupting this technology can cause majorRead MoreBusiness Process Information System At Aecom1704 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Process Information System at AECOM AECOM is one of an engineering firm that specializes in consultancy, management and construction support services to clients in a multitude of different industries. The services that AECOM provides are diverse in nature because of the specific need of each industry that AECOM services. As a professional services organization, information plays an integral role in day-to-day operations because it supports the completion of the tasks related to businessRead MoreThe System Development Life Cycle And The Risk Management Framework1301 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Risk Management Framework (RMF) are both processes that are critical to the overall function of an information system, however many project managers and system developers working with the SDLC regularly neglect to incorporate the RMF steps into the development of information systems. This lack of planning and foresight often has unexpected financial impacts, or worse, adverse security effects to an organization later on. Is it possible these individuals overlook the RMF because it is difficult

Juvenile Incarceration Mentally Ill Offenders - 1077 Words

Juan Resendez Correctional Services 5th Block Rough Draft – Final Project 18 November 2015 Mentally Ill Offenders The United States has the highest rate of adult incarceration among the developed countries, with 2.2 million in jails and prisons. A recent study by the U.S. Department of Justice found that more than half of all prisons and jail inmates have a mental health problem compared to 11 percent of the general population, yet only one of three prison inmates and one in six jail inmates receive any form of mental health treatment. Those with mental disorders have been increasingly incarcerated during the past three decades. The treatment of severally mentally ill offenders has become an increasingly important and urgent issue because†¦show more content†¦Most get in trouble for destroying state property or destroy any kind of stuff, and fighting with guards. Others are more probably to be taken advantage of by other inmates. Some are abused, taking away their belongings and even get raped. Public perceptions of the dangerousness of mentally ill people and doubt the use of insanity pleas have encourage policies that blur the boundary between treatment and punishment. Many persons are against releasing mentally ill offenders and some are on favor, some say it is too dangerous to have them with regular people without any type of illness. They should be isolated from society and that it is good for them to be incarcerated, some say, but in the other hand many people think because of their problem they should give them another chance to try, and make a better thing and that they shouldn’t be judged that way because they are human beings too. Later on, if lucky enough some of these inmates later recover, because on some cases it is not always permanent, if they do recover some get released to normal society of course when they have done their time of incarceration. But unfortunately many do not get accepted as they wished they were. Currently, some good condition treatment is been applied on a majority of mentally ill offenders. Back then not many offenders of these type were treated as they treat

There Are Acts Of Evil - 1720 Words

There are acts of evil in our world constantly. More so than in years past, we hear about school shootings, terrorist attacks, murders, and natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes. Everyday there is a new headline in the news that proves that evil is happening all around us. This news is seen differently from person to person based on their religious beliefs. Those who believe in God think of him as having unconditional and infinite love for us. This being said, it is very difficult for someone with this belief to think that someone so good could let something so evil occur. The problem of evil is important because where there is evil, there is suffering. As humans, we do not like suffering, either physically or emotionally. However, since it does happen so often in our daily lives, we tend to wonder why we suffer in the first place and many times we ask ourselves â€Å"where is God through all of this?† Non-Christians and Christians view and respond to this question differently. While some believe that free-will causes suffering, other believe that evil helps us figure out our role in the world and allows us to find peace within ourselves. The Core 9 readings have presented several theodicies explaining what other religions think of suffering and evil. These theodicies help contribute to my understanding and my view of evil and suffering. I have concluded that God does not intend to do evil things to us. But rather the reason for suffering is caused byShow MoreRelatedThere Are No Evil People, Only Evil Acts Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesare no evil people, only evil acts. Terrorists, banks robbers and serial murderers, these are just a few examples of the evil people in our world. People that don’t change. It’s been proven that the over-whelming majority of all murderers go on to commit more homicides in their lifetime; a chilling fact. The thought that there aren’t sick, conniving individuals out there is ludicrous. Let’s take someone like Osama Bin Laden. He is consistently planning and setting up evil. These evil acts of terrorismRead More`` An Act Of Evil `` By O Toole884 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter handled and prevented future acts of crimes. Why do we label criminals instead of understanding their behavior? What factors influence people to commit crimes? By understanding the factors influencing the crime can future crimes be prevented? In an article by O’Toole called, â€Å"Words Matter and Labels Make a Difference†, she discusses how labels such as monster limit the public from understanding why the c rimes were committed. In the article, â€Å"An Act of Evil? When Monsters Kill†, O’Toole explainsRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings: Our Motivation in Committing Evil Acts3549 Words   |  15 Pages The following analysis deals with the nature and source of evil and whether, given our innate motives and moral obligation, we willingly choose to succumb to our desires or are slaves of our passion. From this argument, I intend to show that our human nature requires that we play into our desires in order to affirm our free will. This is not to say that our desires are necessarily evil, but quite the opposite. In some sense, whatever people actually want has some relative value to them, andRead MoreThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan: A Necessary Evil or an Unnecessary Act?1198 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced since. Within three days in the month of August 1945 and nearing the end of World War II, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan would become the testing ground and their people the test dummies for a new kind of war weapon; the atomic bomb. Was this act necessary to bring an end to World War II as has been claimed? No, it was not. For months, many of Japan’s cities had suffered a never-ending attack of weapons raining down on them by American military forces. In March of 1945, the city of TokyoRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Create an Atmosphere of Evil in Act 4, Sc. 1?1058 Words   |  5 PagesScene 1 of Act 4 is certainly one of the most visually impacting and intriguing scenes of the entire play. This strong effect is attained by the sequential presentation of mysterious images and a close reference to evil throughout the whole scene. On stage, the visual (the actions and apparitions) and audible (the speech and sound effects as the thunder) factors engulf the entire scene in an atmosphere of wickedness. br brWe must first consider the stage directions that indicate the locationRead MoreExploring the Idea of Evil Essay example1162 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to understand what evil truly is, and, if possible, how to eliminate this evil from their lives. However, first it must be known what it i s that is being eliminated. Different people, cultures, and eras have all had a different view of what evil is, and how it affects their lives, and there is no true answer. Because of this, discussing the idea of whether people are born or can be evil is meaningless. The idea of what evil is, and whether people can be evil, is relative and cannot be appliedRead MorePlato s Argument For Evil1402 Words   |  6 PagesEpicurus’ Argument for Evil reveals a challenge for Christians: can an omnibenevolent God exist in a world full of evil? Now, the philosopher was not talking about the Abrahamic God, he was focused more on the gods of his culture in Greece. So in order to use the words of Epicurus as an argument against the views of God held by modern day Christians, we must make some assumptions. Epicurus’ argument takes a logical and deductive analytical route with the existence of evil. This argument is not capableRead MoreGreek Vrs Christian Views1283 Words   |  6 Pages The Christian view of evil and the Greek view of evil are complete opposites as depicted in Dante Alighieri’s play The Divine Comedy: Inferno compared to Euripides play Medea. The Christian view differs from the Greek account of evil by the belief in God. The Christian view has clear boundaries of good and bad behavior as shown in Inferno while the Greek belief is that nothing is inherently evil as seen in Medea. The Christian and Greek views differ on the punishment directly related or unrelatedRead MoreThe Nature And Existence Of God1364 Words   |  6 Pagesof God as the problem of evil. It seems that the God of classical theism is incompatible with the reality of the world around us; could such an all-loving, all-powerful and all-knowing God exists in conjunction with instances of immense and seemingly pointless suffering? It does seem unlikely that such a God exists alongside evil. However, it is questionable whether this is a proof that God does not exist. The problem of evil which forms as; ‘is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he isRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagespart of how they act. When the boys started to hunt they would like to kill pigs for fun. At one point they thought of it like a sport. Jack one the characters in the book would make fun of piggy for being fat and wearing glasses. This is due because jack has certain genes that already make him not like piggy. Humans are born with genes that determine how they act and what they do. Humans are born with good or evil; There surroundings allow good or evil to thrive. A persons evil genes prosper with

Analyse some of the techniques Angela Carter uses to develop her materials in the stories of the Bloody Chamber Essay Example For Students

Analyse some of the techniques Angela Carter uses to develop her materials in the stories of the Bloody Chamber Essay Angela Carters use of fairy tales of the past allows a certain sense of shock, as her graphic portrayal of lust and animal carnage somewhat confuses the reader as to the original stories. Her main technique is the relation of animals and animal like behaviour to society, reflecting the harsh reality of modern life in her revamped tales of magic, love, lust and murder. The use of animals is mainly associated with the male characters of the stories, referred to with the idea of the carnivore incarnate, using wolves, tigers, and lions to portray masculine figures of authority and creators of fear in women. Yet Carter always shows the women as the heroes, the survivors, those who triumph over the evils or weakness of men. In the Bloody Chamber, the Marquis was brought down by the young brides mother, whereas in the past tale of Bluebeard, her two brothers came to the rescue, in all their glory etc. In the stories based upon the tale of Beauty and the Beast the women show two different sides, one transforming the beast, and one transforming herself. This shows the empowerment of women, a social comment on the strength of women in the present compared to of that time. In The Courtship of Mr Lyons, the leading woman is closer to the original, loving father, gentle beast, innocence, however towards the end her womanhood appears and her sexual awakening opens her eyes to the world. She begins to see herself as more of a woman, her sexual liberation allows her to begin her own transformation, yet she takes a step back, as her growth steals away her innocence and she becomes more like a beast in herself, Her face was acquiring, instead of beauty, a lacquer or the invincible prettiness that characterizes certain pampered, exquisite, expensive cats. When looking at this you understand the relationship of this comment to the books that fill the beasts library, French fairy tales about white cats who were transformed princesses For both her and her beasts transformations back to humanity to begin, they have to prove to each other their unselfishness and accept who they are. In The Tigers Bride the female role shows that it is not the transformation of the beast to man, but acceptance of becoming a beast herself that is the inner struggle. This story, still based around the Beauty and the Beast storyline, suggests that this is a girls struggle to face womanhood. As an adolescent she is taken to the castle of the beast, where his bargain to her is to reveal herself to him in return for her freedom. With this she is outraged, showing her complete refusal, however when she realises that the best himself is willing to show himself for her, she is compelled to remove her clothes and liberate her sexual oppression. At this point she has become a woman and accepts her inner change, I felt I was at liberty for the first time in my life. When she returns to the palace she feels that she cannot return to the world she came from signifying her childhood, as it is there that she belongs. Relating to the comment in The Company of Wolves, she knew that the worst wolves are hairiest on the inside, she returns to her beast and she peels away her childhood in an almost sexual act of removing her skin to reveal her beautiful fur. The significance of flowers in the stories also signifies many things. .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .postImageUrl , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:hover , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:visited , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:active { border:0!important; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:active , .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6 .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0940c3cadd30d45d3a1b9a6b371cab6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Amazing Grace EssayThe use of roses and lilies in most of the stories symbolise innocence and the growth of a person, as, like a flower a girl grows from a seed, to a bud, blossoming into a beautiful flower. A fantastic example of this is in The Courtship of Mr Lyon when her small white rose blossomed, and the final lines of the story show how her flower has spread its seeds, in a drift of fallen petals. In Art Nouveaux, the lilies shown in The Bloody Chamber represent the loss of virginity as the Calyx; the reproductive part of the flower is exposed. In Lady in the House of Love, a blend of Rapunzel, Beauty and the Beast, Sleeping Beauty and The Lady of Shallot, the symbolism of flowers is that of life, as the rose that she had plucked from between my thighs, he tried to keep alive and as it blossomed its scent filled the rooms and reminded him of her. The use of the word resurrect in the rehabilitation of the rose, suggests that he knows she will live on through her flower. The term flower, in some modern senses also stands for virginity, as she had given him her flower after the night that they had spent together, also, at her sexual awakening, Beauty in sends white roses to the beast in return for the one he had given her. The morals of the original stories live on in these classic tales, however with a wonderful twists, the story of Little Red Riding Hood shown through The Company of Wolves still sends the moral dont stray from the path! however in the original story, the path simply means the moral path, however the path in Carters version is the sexual path. The roles of men are frequently referred to with masks, hiding their true selves, such as in Tigers Bride and The Bloody Chamber, where the marquis finally shows his true self to his new bride at the point of orgasm, I had heard him shriek and blaspheme at the orgasm. And perhaps I has seen his face without the mask; Carter may have been making a comment on mens nature, and their ability to hide their feeling until breaking point. The sympathy of the Beauty in Tigers Bride is created when the beast takes off his mask and reveals his true self to her. This discusses the theory that to touch a womans heart, you must reveal yours. Very few of these stay close to the original, however they still stay familiar to the story, so that each one is recognisable. Puss-in-Boots stays close to its original, as does The Company of Wolves. The stories in the collection, revamped to a more modern period reflect the empowerment of female strong characters, without taking a feminist stance, for instance with the roles of the tiger in The Tigers Bride and the young, virtuous cyclist in Lady of the House of Love. Her work rejuvenates the tired of stories of the past, making them more adult with explicit scenes of passion and lust. Themes of womanhood and growth allow the childhood tales to not change, but develop further into themselves. Carter does not simply change the fairy tales of the past, but in themselves she allows them to grow, transform, as their characters do.

Cultural Difference Between India and Australia

Question: Describe about the Cultural Difference of India Vs Australia? Answer: 1.0 Executive Summary This report would help in providing inside knowledge on what can a international manager face when working in a cross cultural environment. The Report would focus mainly on Australia and India culture and would provide the details on how the organizational culture is different and also similar in some aspects. Details on how decision making and communication style are in both the countries and what negotiation styles should be preferred. The report would also provide the details on how international manager should interact with his subordinates in Australia and India. it would also focus on how the gender role are quite same in both the countries. 2.0 Introduction Organizational culture is a way of looking at and thinking about the behavior of people, individually and in groups in organizations. Bower, M., 1966. The way we do things around here, The Will to Manage. The concept of organizational culture has three general sources or determinants (Ott, 1989:75). These are the fundamental starting points of this study. These determinants are: the broader societal culture in which the organization resides; the nature of an organization's business or business environment, and thirdly the beliefs, values and basic assumptions held by the founders or other early dominant leaders as well as the workers. Management is concerned with examining the future and drawing up a plan of action; building the structure, material and human of an undertaking; maintaining activity among personnel; binding together, unifying and harmonizing all activity and effort; and seeing that everything occurs in conformity with established rules and expressed command (Fayol, cited in Pugh, 1990). While in the multinational business model, it is very important for managers to understand the cultural background to be successful in a cross cultural environment. This below report will analyze the first two gigantic countries, Australia and India. The report would also keep the focus on Hofstede's five dimensions which are Power distance (PDI), individualism versus collectivism (IDV), masculinity versus femininity (MAS), long-term versus short-term orientation (LTO), and indulgence versus restraint (IND) (Ahlstrom, D. And Bruton, G.D. ,2009). 3.0 Negotiation Style Cross-cultural negotiations are very common in the current world scenario where in business is expanding across nations. These negotiations can occur between people from different countries. Negotiations plays an important part in concluding at an agreement (Bandias 2012). Australian and Indian styles of negotiations would be discussed in detail in this report. Australians do not negotiate in extreme pressure conditions. They like directness. Hence it is better to give an argument which has some option and facts. Australians are generally experienced in performing business and interaction with people from different cultural background. They have a homogenous culture (Lothar Katz). Indian civilization is group-oriented. Personal relationships are given due consideration in Indian culture. Discussions about the family and friends are considered important for the establishment of a business relationship. Bonds are based on mutual faith and esteem. It takes a long time to build relations hips. Indians are friendly and courteous. They do business dealing who behaves with them equally and authentically (Lothar Katz). 3.1 Negotiating Goal: Contract Or Elationship: Apprehending and switching conferences summaries can be an active way to authenticate understanding and commitments. Interim agreements are not given final consideration. Binding agreement is a document signed by both parties. Written agreementtends to be long.It contains comprehensive terms and conditions of main agreement and the other possibilities.Signing contract means from legal aspects andcommitment of Australian partnership. It is always advisable to meet a lawyer before signing any agreement. Desires to change agreement may be assumed as immoral and will encounter with tough resistance. It is significant to uphold on-time deliveries. Whereas when it comes to India contracts even oral are assumed as a binding agreement. However, it is the best to sign a final agreement by both parties. A written contract should be flawless and brief without comprehensive terms and conditions. Signing contract means both from legal aspect and commitment of Indian partnership. The legal process is slow and time consuming in India, but legal rights can be enforced (Lothar Katz). 3.2 Negotiating Attitude: Win-Win Or Win-Lose Negotiation means in Australia, is to involve in a friendly discussion aimed to arrive at a solution which is delightful to both the parties that is buyer and seller. Both have the responsibility to arrive at mutual solution. Their aim is to achieve short term and long term profits. The basic negotiation is two way and compromising in order to achieve the target of negotiation. Australian concept is to have faith in win-win. They expect to give in return respect and belief. In Indian scenario, the basic approach in negotiating is to utilize distributive and eventuality negotiating. The buyer remains in higher position in a business dealing as well as in case of having the responsibility for attaining the agreement. Partnerships are generally long termed as their aim is to achieve long term gains. Indians have a win-win approach to the solution and they believe in extended relationships. They avoid conflict. In any case, if a dispute arises they behave with esteem, readiness and openness to compromise. The long-term vision contributes to aim of building relationships for their negotiators which last longer than any short-term negotiations (Bandias 2012). 3.3 Personal Style: Informal Or Formal Australians do not make use of Titles. They call a person by his first name followed by family name. Mr./Ms is used with the family name. Handshakes are used while introducing one another. They use greetings like pleased to meet you. Indians pay due importance to the Academic and professional titles. These are used when you address a person. Mr./Ms is used by first name. Traditional style of Indians is to join the hand together for greeting which is called Namaste. 3.4 Communication: Direct Or Indirect Australian evades complicated language. They speak English which is easy to understand. They express negative emotions and positive emotions very frequently, which in turn do not influence their business dealings. They like the people who express their opinion. It does not matter whether they are convinced by their opinion or not. Australians try to behave in a respectful and a gracious manner. People with indirect style of communication regularly assumption about the information possessed by their opposite number Salacuse (1998). In India, Hindi is the national language, although business people speak good English. It is always advisable to speak short sentences with simple English. Indians speak in gentle tones to show the politeness and courtesy for others. Positive emotions are expressed openly. Open conflicts and discrepancies are avoided. They avoid giving their opinion about anything. 3.5 Sensitivity To Time: High Or Low Australia has a culture where people are very loyal to their schedules and are very particular about time. If they miss any timeline they consider it to be a bad and inefficient management. For attaining a deadline Australian devote their weekend and work beyond their normal working hours. Intercultural management achievement can be judged by the individual capability to meet up deadline. Indian people are usually cautious regarding time guidelines and deadlines are taken very seriously in business setup. As Indian culture does give great importance to relationship so there may be cases wherein some elasticity is provided in the schedules. The importance of timelines which was agreed upon should be reinforced and also should be made aware of the fact that it may affect the organization if the schedule is missed. However, the chances that the deadline would be met are quite high. 3.6 Emotions: High Or Low The report shows that there is equal tendency of Australians and Indians in negotiating the trait emotion. Both the country people have better control on their feeling which helps in keeping a calm business atmosphere. 3.7 Form Of Agreement: General Or Specific Australian tend to consent to a comprehensive contract in which all the terms and conditions are mentioned. A contract is signed by both parties with mutual consent. A legal document is prepared by the lawyer. In India oral contracts are given due consideration, whereas it is always better to do written agreement. The written contract does not include detailed terms and conditions. Indians prefer general principles than that of specific as that of Australian. 3.8 Building An Agreement: Bottom-Up Or Top-Down There are different methods which can be followed while finalizing an agreement, these could be either inductive method or deductive method.When we consider the inductive method (bottom-up) it has to be precise on either Product,Quality,Cost and the total sum of all of these things. Whereas when we talk about deductive method(top-down) it would start with a general discussion and lead to a particular thing or topic. Indians prefer to follow the deductive method and Australian's prefer to start with inductive method. 3.9 Team Organization: One Leader Versus Consensus /Leadership Style The democratic idea in organizations of Australian maintains a two way and take part in management method. Australian play emphasis on teamwork rather than on the single persons contribution. Respect and status play an important part when you work in the Indian environment. When someone is working as a team or collective setting the risk factor increases. The ideas should be given in a gentle manner so that the reputation of others should not be affected by it and no one get hurt. Intercultural sensitivity is also important when the ideas between the various groups are discussed. In contrast, independent, self-control is the model of self based on characteristics that are unique to oneself. With an independent, self-construal,behavior is organized and made meaningful primarily by reference to ones own internal repertoire of thoughts, feelings, and actions, rather than by reference to the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others (Markus Kitayama, 1991). This self-construal is similar to Hofstedes (1983) individualistic culture, which emphasized self-esteem, self-identity, and self-image, with personal goals superseding those of the group, and competitive interactions the norm (Chen Starosta, 1998).The United States, Australia, Great Britain, Denmark and Canada are examples of countries. 3.10 Risk Taking: High Or Low In Australia the risk factor is very high and they acknowledge the change. They consider risk taking as a necessary step for success so in their view even if they are a failure due to risk it is not a negative thing. Even if there is a failure due to risk it is not considered as an end of the world and the person is always considered for a second chance. Managers are practical ,they have achievement oriented outlook. Their concern is to find out the ways in which a plan can be made successful. Managers have the center of attention on positive vision and chance (Kwintessential 2012). In India, there is the average acceptance of change and also the risk factor is moderate. Track record of various innovations is kept if they are adapted and implemented. The history is also maintained for various discoveries (Kwintessential 2012). Failure is considered as the loss of self belief by a person and others around him. Intercultural sensitivity is essential for group discussion and meetings for the individuals participating in them. 4.0 Decision Making: There is a vast difference in the way roles are viewed in Australia and India. Australia has an egalitarian business set up wherein all the people are considered important and are given due respect. The person in the managerial position does not feel inferior while taking information needed from his subordinates. The manager also makes use of intellect of his subordinates in decision making (Kwintessential 2012). Protocols and rituals are quite strict in Indian culture. The manager has to be aware of the fact that Indian system has a very strong ladder structure in a business set up. Everyone has divergent role in the organization. There is a high chance that the manager might not consider his subordinates in the decision making process as maintaining the role is an important factor. Employees are considered very important in decision making in any organization when it comes to Australia. The failure or success of the company also influences them as they were part of the decision making process. If the employees are not being given importance in the decision making, it could lead in productivity depreciation (Kwintessential 2012). In India the decision making is done by the manager and is liable for the work performed by his subordinates. There is always a need of middle manager which may help the manager to take the final decision. There is a defined behavior for a person in a defined position.If he performs the task of the lower people it is not considered as a good thing and can also affect his position. It is considered that the work should be performed according to the hierarchy and each person has to perform his role according to his job title. 5.0 Communication Style Previous research has noted self-construal plays an important role in determining approaches to communication and conflict (Ting-Toomey 2001) Australians are business minded and they do not consider it important to make use of an intermediate person for business enhancement. They believe that networking plays a very critical role in the victory of a long term business. A senior executive has a good relationship with one another in the same industry. The population of Australia is very less as compared to India and many people spend their entire life while living in the same place, people endeavor to have a good relationship with one another as there is no certainty when they have to work against each other. Australia culture is direct which is reflected in the way management communicates with their employees. Even in an organization employee prefer to be communicated directly. They also like to have some humor even during a direct and serious talk. Employees do not like to have some selling techniques being applied to them. A relaxed attribute must not be foreseen as a lack of dedication or attention they do go into detail even though it might not seem so. Most Asian Indians exhibit interdependent self- construal and prefer silence and indirect communication (Hughes, Baldwin 2003). In Indian Cross cultural management Personal relationships are giv en due attention. Personal relationships are important factor when it comes to conducting business in India, as the basics are self-esteem and belief. For good relationship between the manager and his subordinate lot of time is required. Manager's require tolerance and determination. Indians are less argumentative. Major decisions are taken by the higher authorities, but it may take time as the process is slow. While doing negotiations with employees do not be too much into legal aspects as Indian have less belief in legal system rather they would trust more on your words. Furthermore, studies indicate that Indian people have a preference more for indirect communication and their sensitivity is also higher as compared to Western people (Kapoor 2003). 6.0 Protocol Greeting Business Signals and body language be able to act, but not excessively so. A little bit of physical contacts is made by Australians such as backslap. It is considered as a sign of friendship. Arm upward movement combined with thumbs-up sign is assumed as rude gesture. Eye contact between the people is quite infrequent. Looking in the eyes of a person conveys sincerity. In Australia, staring at people makes them uncomfortable (Lothar Katz). Signals and body language are quite broader in India than in different Asian nations. Physical contacts are generally avoided except handshakes. For giving blessings elderly people sometimes do so. The Indians made an eye contact with children. Looking away is considered as a gesture of respect rather than insincerity or untruthfulness. Business Meeting For doing a business initial contacts are benefitted but it is not only the prerequisite. Individuals or group of people conducts discussions in the country. Australians are not forever well aligned, which results to take part against each other. Meetings are planned 1 week in advance. The agenda of the meeting is to call the top executive for the discussion instead of taking status. Australian expect their foreign delegates to be on time. Late for ten to fifteen minutes without a genuine reason is considered as a crime in Australian business. For making rapport meetings are initiated with small talks. Sense of humor is welcomed by the people of Australia, but not in excess. Paradoxical and mordant can be the humor of Australian. They register this type of humor to show their disagreement. Persons living is not the subject of meetings. The environment of the meeting is informal. The basic aim is to determine the business topic and to know one another (Lothar Katz). Presentation mater ial must be eye-catching, with high quality and apparent visuals. It should be easy and uncomplicated. While introducing the product to the Australians strong and feeble points should be discussed openly. If the presentation would be presented with hype and excitement than it may bring suspicion in the minds of the people. Excess details are also not appreciated by the Australian people. Local intermediary play a significant role in India. The person would bridge the civilization and interactions gap and plan within the India's complicated bureaucracy, receiving the required documents signed and embossed. Discussions in India can be done by an individual or the team. Every team has a specific role assigned to every member. The members of a team are avoided as it may start building relationship process again. Meetings are planned four weeks prior. Indian meetings generally start late, but they expect their foreign delegates to be on time. It is good to be on time as Indians appreciate punctuality. For establishing personal rapport meetings are initiated with personal talk. It includes query about the family and allow the persons involved in meeting to be aware. Friendly humor is appreciated by Indians, but they do not like to be sarcastic. The basic purpose of the meeting is to know one another. Business discussion is not the mere agenda of the meeting. It can be disc ussed at a later stage. Straight discussions are usually neither expected nor not encouraged in the initial meetings. Presentation material must be good looking, with excellent and apparent visuals. Technical expertise influences the Indians. Translation of the presentation material in English or the other language is generally not essential (Lothar Katz). 7.0 Company Loyalty Loyalty towards your organization depends on many factors out of which one of the most important ones is power distance.It is efficient in determining the extent to which there has been the distribution of power within the society being insured and it also determines the level of equality of distribution (Varvouzou and Zasepa, 2013).India has a power distance rating of 77 whereas Australia has it as 36 which indicates that India. As India is a group oriented society as compare to Australia, which is more of individual driven society, Indians tend to be more are more loyal as compare to Australians. 8.0 Gender Roles Australian females are still behind than males in comparison of the income and authority. However, they have got important roles in the business and other fields. Women should be given equal respect than that of men. A visiting entrepreneur may have less difficulties in the nation. Indian society is governed by males. There are women in important positions, but they are still struggling to get the same income and power as men have in the society. On the other hand visiting entrepreneur have less difficulties in the nation if they work professionally in their business and society.Women like to have more indirect communication in comparison to men (Ellis and Wittenbaum 2000). 9.0 Rewards Rewards play a critical role in motivating the employees in an organization. The preference of a type of Rewards can vary based on the country of the employee. Performance and rewards are linked with each other (Bandias 2012). Rewards should be more than just money or any other award, as each person prefers to be rewarded in one way or the other hence the organization should have a reward system wherein the person to feel that his efforts are recognized by the organization. Indian do prefer to be rewarded with promotions, Recognition from their superiors and financial benefits, whereas Australians would like to be rewarded by getting holiday leaves and additional time for the personal life so that they have work-life balance. 10.0 Work Discipline Professionalism is expected by managers from their employ in Australia. The major concern of a manager is not micro managing their subordinates rather it is attaining a target, productivity and earnings. Managers admire the new ideas given by an individual, although the final decision is always that of a manager. In the Australian cultured business set up specialized understanding is respected irrespective of the levels. Employees are to be consulted when there are decisions to be taken which in turn would have a direct or indirect affect on them. An intercultural management can only be successful if they tie together the talent of their employees. In India, the supervisor's work is to keep a constant check on the work done by their subordinates. They provide constant feedback to them. Their task is to monitor that work assign to them is completed on proper time with quality assurance. Manager's in India also get involved in the personal issues like health, family and other issues of their subordinates. Manager's also try to provide any constructive feedback for employees personal life. 11.0 Conclusion To conclude this report the main findings are highlighted as follows. When we compare the negotiation styles of India and Australia there are some similarities like both the countries have a Win-Win Approach but when it comes to contracts the written contracts are less comprehensive for India as compared to Australia. People of both the countries respect and value timelines and deadlines and they try their level best to achieve these. When it comes to risk taking abilities Australians are high risk taker whereas Indians do not prefer to take high risks. Even in the case of decision making there is a significant difference in the way the decisions are made by both the countries, Australians are not shy to involve subordinate whereas in India it is more of the managers who make the decisions. As importance is given to relationship in India the communication style is also quite different from Australia, where there is a direct style of communication, whereas in India it is more of indirect type of communication. Both the countries are same when it comes to female and male comparison on Income and status. Lastly, in Australia people are expected to complete the work and very little supervision is required, whereas supervision is required in India. 12 References: Ahlstrom, D. and Bruton, G.D. (2009), International Management: Strategy and Culture in the Emerging World, Cengage Learning. Bandias, S 2012, Student Study Pack: PRBM016- Cross-Cultural Management, Charles Darwin University, Darwin. Black, R.J. (2003), Organisational Culture: Creating the Influence Needed for Strategic Success, Universal-Publishers. Bissell, G. and Dolan, P. (2012), Organisational Behaviour for Social Work, Policy Press. Eliot, T.S. (2014), Notes towards the Definition of Culture, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Fridenson, P. (1996) Multinationals: The Cultural Dimension, pp.155-156, Retrieved from https://www.thebhc.org/publications/BEHprint/v025n2/p0155-p0158.pdf Fox, W. (2007), Managing Organisational Behaviour, Juta and Company Ltd. Griffin, R. (2011), Fundamentals of Management, 6th ed., Cengage Learning. Hofstede, G. (1984), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, SAGE Publications. https://geert-hofstede.com/ International journal of Intercultural Relations, vol. 27, no. 6,. 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(2000), Organizational Culture and Identity: Unity and Division at Work, SAGE. Schein, E.H. (2010), Organizational Culture and Leadership, 4th ed., John Wiley Sons. Varvouzou, I. and Zasepa, M. (2013), National Cultural dimensions according to Geert Hofstede and their meaning in Japanese and German Corporate Management, GRIN Verlag. 13 Appendix Appendix -1 Comparison of Five Dimensions of Hofstedes Model between India and Australia (hofstede) India Grade for India Grade for Australia Australia UAI Informal business attitude Emphasize quanxi (Relationship) and mutual trust Polite and honest Adaptable Flexible regulation 40 51 Enjoy challenge from new ideas More creative Flexible regulation Higher tolerant to receive positive and negative information Short-term strategy for decision maker Power distance Uneven income distribution Centralized with strong hierarchies Acknowledge leaders power Polarization relationship between subordinates and superior 77 36 Flatter structure organization Intimate relationship between subordinates and superiors Informal communication Individualism versus collectivism Collectivist society Group harmony Suppress feeling and emotions for peaceful work environment High trust relations in a group 48 90 Highest concern of individual right Independent and self-reliant Effort decides success Have open mind to share opinions Masculinity versus femininity Women status is low Women income is less Men should focus on work and earn income 56 61 Women income is less Women status is low Men and women both work and earn income Long-term versus short-term orientation Authority belongs to men and seniors Success belongs to oneself and family long-term performance oriented. 51 21 Focus on personal achievement and material possessions Quick decision makers Optimistic and opportunistic Short-term performance oriented Indulgence versus restraint Higher stress Follow by numerous norms and ethics Lower involvement of leisure activities 26 71 Less stress Inflexible rules Higher involvement of leisure activities Appendix -2 The Impact of Culture on Negotiation (Salacuse 1991) Negotiation Factors Range of Cultural Responses Goal Contract Relationship Attitudes Win/Win Win/Lose Personal Styles Formal Informal Communications Indirect Direct Time Sensitivity Low High Emotionalism High Low Agreement Form Specific general Agreement Building Top-Down bottom-Up Team Organization One Leader Consensus Risk Taking High Low